Contributors: Institute of Physics Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences Prague (CAS); Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Praha/Prague; Univerzita Karlova Praha, Česká republika = Charles University Prague, Czech Republic (UK); Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI); European XFEL GmbH (XFEL); European XFEL GmbH; Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Hamburg (DESY); Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA); Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Photone Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY); Department of Physics Hamburg; Universität Hamburg (UHH); Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research Eindhoven (DIFFER); Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences; Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences (PAN); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC); Stanford University; Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut für Mechanik und Mechatronik, Technische Universität Wien; RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Japon (RIKEN); nstitute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Science; Institute of Physics, P. J. Šafárik University
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; An irreversible response of inorganic scintillators to intense soft x-ray laser radiation was investigated at the FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) facility. Three ionic crystals, namely, Ce:YAG (cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet), PbWO4 (lead tungstate), and ZnO (zinc oxide), were exposed to single 4.6 nm ultra-short laser pulses of variable pulse energy (up to 12 μJ) under normal incidence conditions with tight focus. Damaged areas produced with various levels of pulse fluences, were analyzed on the surface of irradiated samples using differential interference contrast (DIC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effective beam area of 22.2 ± 2.2 μm2 was determined by means of the ablation imprints method with the use of poly(methyl methacrylate) - PMMA. Applied to the three inorganic materials, this procedure gave almost the same values of an effective area. The single-shot damage threshold fluence was determined for each of these inorganic materials. The Ce:YAG sample seems to be the most radiation resistant under the given irradiation conditions, its damage threshold was determined to be as high as 660.8 ± 71.2 mJ/cm2. Contrary to that, the PbWO4 sample exhibited the lowest radiation resistance with a threshold fluence of 62.6 ± 11.9 mJ/cm2. The threshold for ZnO was found to be 167.8 ± 30.8 mJ/cm2. Both interaction and material characteristics responsible for the damage threshold difference are discussed in the article.
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