Perspectivas Actuales Sobre la Resistencia Antifúngica: Enfoque en Micosis Oportunistas ; Current Perspectives on Antifungal Resistance: Focus on Opportunistic Mycoses

Introduction: opportunistic mycoses, caused by fungi in individuals with compromised immune systems, are on the rise, posing significant challenges in healthcare. This article reviews antifungal resistance with the aim of highlighting its increasing incidence and the need for new therapeutic strategies and precise diagnostic methods. The necessity for standardized laboratory protocols and the implementation of sensitive techniques for early detection and optimal treatment is emphasized. Methods: a systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar; search terms and Boolean operators such as "(Opportunistic Mycoses) AND (Antifungal Resistance)" and "(Antifungals) AND (Resistance Genes)" were used. Additionally, the guidelines established by the PRISMA statement were followed, and the PICO approach was employed. Results: twelve studies were evaluated; 58,33 % (n=7) assessed antifungal resistance, while 41,67 % (n=5) addressed aspects such as mechanisms of action and genetics. 66 % of the studies evaluated resistance in Candida spp., while 16,7 % analyzed resistance in Aspergillus spp., making them the most studied pathogens. Various resistance genes were evaluated in all studies; moreover, fluconazole was found to be the most studied antifungal, followed by amphotericin B and voriconazole. Conclusion: early identification of antifungal resistance, the development of new therapies, and the standardization of diagnostic methods are essential to mitigate its impact on public health. ; Introducción: las micosis oportunistas, causadas por hongos en individuos con sistemas inmunológicos comprometidos, están en aumento, lo que plantea desafíos significativos en la atención médica. Este artículo revisa la resistencia antifúngica con el objetivo de destacar su creciente incidencia y la necesidad de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas y métodos de diagnóstico precisos. Se subraya la necesidad de protocolos de laboratorio estandarizados y la implementación de técnicas sensibles para una detección temprana y ...