Characterization, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Produced via Green Synthesis Method Using Thymus Vulgaris Aqueous Extract

Umer Ejaz,1 Muhammad Afzal,1 Modasrah Mazhar,1 Muhammad Riaz,1 Naveed Ahmed,2 Waleed Y Rizg,3,4 Amerh Aiad Alahmadi,4 Moutaz Y Badr,5 Rayan Y Mushtaq,6 Chan Yean Yean2 1Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia; 3Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), 3D Bioprinting Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Chan Yean Yean, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia, Email yeancyn@yahoo.com Muhammad Afzal, Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan, Email dr.afzal@ucp.edu.pkIntroduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been found to exhibit unique properties which show their potential to be used in various therapies. Green synthesis of AgNPs has been progressively gaining acceptance due to its cost-effectiveness and energy-efficient nature.Objective: In the current study, aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) was used to synthesize the AgNPs using green synthesis techniques followed by checking the effectiveness and various biological activities of these AgNPs.Methods: At first, the plant samples were proceeded for extraction of aqueous extracts followed by chromatography studies to measure the phenolics and flavonoids. The synthesis and ...