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Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries

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  • معلومة اضافية
    • Contributors:
      University of Wrocław Poland (UWr); Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL); Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Dynamique Du Langage (DDL); Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Universitat de Barcelona (UB); Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Skopje, North Macedonia (MASA); University of Pecs; University of Agder (UIA); Institute of Retail Economics; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA); The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø, Norway (UiT); Institut Catholique d'Arts et Métiers (ICAM); Franklin and Marshall College; Université Paris Nanterre - Département de Psychologie; Université Paris Nanterre (UPN); University of Haifa Haifa; Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand (UGENT); Saint Mary's University; Partenaires INRAE; Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University Rome (UNIROMA); Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow (HSE); University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik; University of Turku; Cognition, langues, langage, ergonomie (CLLE); École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J); Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI); Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J); Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3); Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J); Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3); Université de Toulouse (UT); Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN); Normandie Université (NU); Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS); Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN); Psychologie sociale des comportements et des cognitions (PS2C); Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN); Centre de recherches sur les fonctionnements et les dysfonctionnements psychologiques (CRFDP); Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS); Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN)
    • بيانات النشر:
      HAL CCSD
      Elsevier
    • الموضوع:
      2022
    • Collection:
      Normandie Université: HAL
    • نبذة مختصرة :
      International audience ; People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives.
    • الرقم المعرف:
      10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003
    • الدخول الالكتروني :
      https://hal.science/hal-04464091
      https://hal.science/hal-04464091v1/document
      https://hal.science/hal-04464091v1/file/1-s2.0-S1090513822000472-main.pdf
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003
    • Rights:
      info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
    • الرقم المعرف:
      edsbas.3B77E4C6