Contributors: Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC); Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC); Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Université de Montpellier (UM); LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs); La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Southern Denmark (SDU); Biodémographie évolutive; Département écologie évolutive LBBE; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL); Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL); Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE); Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecologie et évolution des populations; Éco-Anthropologie (EA); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM); University of Bath Bath; Deakin University Burwood; University of California Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara); University of California (UC); Arizona State University Tempe (ASU); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Université de Montpellier (UM); We are grateful to P. Bustamante and T. Székely for constructive criticism on an earlier version of the manuscript, and R. Thompson and A. Teare for invaluable explanations of ZIMS data. We are grateful to more than 1,200 zoo and aquarium members of Species360 that record data in ZIMS, making this study possible. O.V. was financed by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and by the New National Excellence Programme of the Hungarian Ministry of Innovation and Technology. F.T. is supported by the MAVA Foundation, the ANR TRANSCAN (ANR-18-CE35-0009) and a CNRS International Associated Laboratory Grant. C.C.M. and A.M.B. were supported in part by NIH grant U54 CA217376. C.C.M. was also in part supported by NIH grant U2C CA233254, as well as CDMRP Breast Cancer Research Program Award BC132057 and the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission grant ADHS18-198847. D.A.C. was financed by the Species360 CSA sponsors: Copenhagen Zoo, Wildlife Reserves of Singapore and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. The findings, opinions and recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the universities where the research was performed or the United States National Institutes of Health.; ANR-18-CE35-0009,TRANSCAN,ECOLOGIE ET EVOLUTION DES CANCERS TRANSMISSIBLES(2018)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Cancer is a ubiquitous disease of metazoans, predicted to disproportionately affect larger, long-lived organisms owing to their greater number of cell divisions, and thus increased probability of somatic mutations 1,2 . While elevated cancer risk with larger body size and/or longevity has been documented within species 3–5 , Peto’s paradox indicates the apparent lack of such an association among taxa 6 . Yet, unequivocal empirical evidence for Peto’s paradox is lacking, stemming from the difficulty of estimating cancer risk in non-model species. Here we build and analyse a database on cancer-related mortality using data on adult zoo mammals (110,148 individuals, 191 species) and map age-controlled cancer mortality to the mammalian tree of life. We demonstrate the universality and high frequency of oncogenic phenomena in mammals and reveal substantial differences in cancer mortality across major mammalian orders. We show that the phylogenetic distribution of cancer mortality is associated with diet, with carnivorous mammals (especially mammal-consuming ones) facing the highest cancer-related mortality. Moreover, we provide unequivocal evidence for the body size and longevity components of Peto’s paradox by showing that cancer mortality risk is largely independent of both body mass and adult life expectancy across species. These results highlight the key role of life-history evolution in shaping cancer resistance and provide major advancements in the quest for natural anticancer defences.
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