نبذة مختصرة : Environmental changes increase the risk of emergence and spread of new infections and pandemics Infectious disease emergence, spread and persistence is facilitated by the complex interactions of increased human and animal population density and displacement, socioeconomic disparities, and the global interdependence of societies. Environmental changes contribute to the imbalance of ecosystems. Human action and behaviours are the most important drivers of disease emergence. The classic agent-host-environment triangle can be used to conceptualize and describe the interactions of factors associated with the emergence and persistence of diseases. Pandemic preparedness requires strengthening surveillance, diagnostics, research, and training. Capacity to rapidly link genomic sequencing, clinical, and epidemiologic data is needed for outbreak control. Monitoring of the human-animal interface should focus on areas and populations where the risk of zoonotic spillover is the greatest. Multidisciplinary One Health research is the key tool in preparedness and in understanding the root causes of pandemics. ; Peer reviewed
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