The Contemporary Prison Design for Contemporary Crime in Indonesia

The field of criminal justice has evolved due to changing criminal behavior and the nature of crime. Imprisonment has become the predominant punitive measure in the modern context, particularly in Indonesia, where it is executed within correctional institutions operating under a unique system known as sistem pemasyarakatan. While the challenges within the prison itself are a cause for concern, there's an additional layer of complexity when it comes to the presence of correctional facilities in urban settings, including high operational costs, substantial land requirements, and the often-intangible societal benefits they offer. This paper presents an innovative approach to contemporary prison design in Indonesia, referred to as "Gentle Punishment," with the aim of enhancing the productivity of inmates and correctional facilities for the broader public good. By drawing inspiration from Foucault's "The Gentle Way of Punishment" (1979), Lefebvre's "Rhythmanalysis" (2004), and Shah and Kesan's “How Architecture Regulates” (2007), six key design issues have been identified: image, landscape, zoning, personal space, classification, as well as safety and security. These design issues can be effectively addressed through the application of four core design concepts: "Vertical Incarceration," "Gentle Security," "Prison as Civic Engagement Center," and "Compact and Sustainable Living."