Contributors: Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG); Institut Pasteur d'Iran; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP); Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO); École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors; Institut Pasteur Paris (IP); North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Iran; This work was supported by the MATI Program of the Institut Pasteur International Network “ENVIRONmental changes and MOSquito‐borne diseases: the example of West Nile (Environ‐MOS)”. HB, as a Ph.D. student of medical biotechnology also received scholarships from education office of IP Iran, IP Paris and Campus France.; We appreciate Dr. Mehdi Fazlalipour and Dr. Sadegh Chinikar (Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran) for their valuable supports which worth to be regarded as co‐authors. The authors are grateful to the staff of Public Health Department, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (North Khorasan, Iran) and North Research Center of IPI (Amol, Iran). We also thank Mr. Kheiri for his help during the project. We would also like to express our sincere appreciation to the local inhabitants in the study areas.
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Recent expansion of arboviruses such as West Nile (WNV), Usutu (USUV), and tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) over their natural range of distribution needs strengthening their surveillance. As common viral vertebrate hosts, birds and horses deserve special attention with routine serological surveillance. Here, we estimated the seroprevalence of WNV, USUV and TBEV in 160 migrating/resident birds and 60 horses sampled in Mazandaran, Golestan, North Khorasan, Kordestan provinces and Golestan province of Iran respectively. ELISA results showed that of 220 collected samples, 32 samples (14.54%), including 22 birds and 10 horses, were positive. Microsphere immunoassay results showed that 16.7% (10/60) of horse blood samples collected in Golestan province were seropositive against WNV (7; 11.7%), Flavivirus (2; 3.3%) and seropositive for USUV or WNV (1; 1.7%). Furthermore, micro virus neutralization tests revealed that four of seven ELISA-positive bird blood samples were seropositive against WNV: two Egyptian vultures, and one long-legged buzzard collected in Golestan province as well as a golden eagle collected in North Khorasan province. No evidence of seropositivity with TBEV was observed in collected samples. We showed that WNV, responsible for neuroinvasive infection in vertebrates, is circulating among birds and horses in Iran, recommending a sustained surveillance of viral infections in animals, and anticipating future infections in humans
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