Estudo fitoquímico e atividades antifúngica e antiprotozoária do óleo essencial de genótipos de erva-baleeira (Varronia curassavica Jacq.) ; Phytochemical study and antifungal and antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil from erva-baleeira (Varronia curassavica Jacq.) genotypes

The aim of this work was to characterize the chemical diversity of the essential oil from Varronia curassavica plants collected in Sergipe, to evaluate the effect of microwave extraction (MI) and hydrodistillation (HD) of essential oil from Varronia curassavica Jacq. on its chemical composition and antifungal activity and to evaluate the antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil and major compounds against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, fish parasite. High chemical diversity was observed among the V. curassavica plants, which are distributed within the chemical groups, regardless of the collection site, probably due to genetic differences between plants studied. The compounds found in higher contents in the essential oils of the plants were tryciclene, camphene, E-caryophyllene, β-sesquiphelandrene, α-zingiberene, 7-cyclodecen-1-ona, 7-methyl-3-methylene-10-(1-propyl) and turmerone, which defined the formation of five groups according to the chemical composition and differentiation by means of cluster analysis. By cluster analysis, there was formation of five chemical groups. The essential oil of the plants from the clusters 2, 4 and 5 inhibited approximately 75% of the mycelial growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, after 96 hours of incubation. The essential oil from V. curassavica access VCUR-201 was extracted by HD and MI. To HD method were tested 3 extraction times (100, 120 and 140 minutes) and 3 volumes of water (1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 L). To MI method, 3 powers were tested (500, 600 and 700W), 3 times (20, 30 and 40 minutes) and 3 volumes of water (0, 25 and 50 mL). The optimal essential oil contents for the extraction methods were 700W for 40 min. without water (MI) (3.28%), and 120 min. with 1.0 L of water per flask (HD) (3.34%). The most abundant compounds for MI (700W for 40 min. without water) and HD (120 min. with 1.0 L of water/flask) were shyobunol (26.53 and 24.00%) and germacrene D-4-ol (3.60 and 10.23%). Micrographs of the surface of leaves, obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after ...