The neuroendocrine role in the control of hunger and satiety and its relationship with obesity ; El papel neuroendocrino en el control del hambre y la saciedad y su relación con la obesidad ; A atuação neuroendócrina no controle da fome e saciedade e sua relação com a obesidade

Obesity is a chronic disorder of multifactorial origin (neuroendocrine, psychic, intestinal and genetic factors) that results from a metabolic-energetic imbalance, whereby a long-term excess of energy intake over expenditure leads to accumulation in the form of fat. The control of the energy balance is carried out by the central nervous system by means of necessary neuroendocrines, in which peripheral circulating hormones, such as leptin and insulin, signal specialized neurons of the hypothalamus over the body's fat stores and induce adequate responses for the maintenance of stocks god stability. Thus, the positive energy balance for a long period, determined by macronutrient intake, energy expenditure and thermogenesis, will result in body weight gain in the form of fat, while the negative energy balance will result in no opposite effect. In this systematic review of works published between 2008 and 2021, neuroendocrine mechanisms that control hunger and satiety, and their relationship with obesity, will be discussed. Thus evidencing that this regulation is carried out by a complex mechanism that needs to be very well understood in order to treat or even prevent obesity. ; La obesidad es un trastorno crónico de origen multifactorial (factores neuroendocrinos, psíquicos, intestinales y genéticos) que resulta de un desequilibrio metabólico-energético, por el cual un exceso a largo plazo de la ingesta de energía sobre el gasto conduce al almacenamiento en forma de grasa. El control del equilibrio energético lo lleva a cabo el sistema nervioso central a través de conexiones neuroendocrinas, en las que las hormonas periféricas circulantes, como la leptina y la insulina, envían señales a las neuronas especializadas del hipotálamo sobre las reservas de grasa del cuerpo e inducen respuestas apropiadas para el mantenimiento de la energía. estabilidad de estas acciones. Por lo tanto, el balance energético positivo a largo plazo, determinado por la ingesta de macronutrientes, el gasto de energía y la termogénesis, dará ...