A case study work on self heating and explosion risks of coal cargo in marine transportation ; Deniz taşımacılığında dökme kömür yükünün yanma ve patlama riski üzerine bir vaka analizi

Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Graduate School, 2022 ; Despite human being's efforts on reducing consumption of fossil fuels for the green hause gas effect reduction purpose, coal consumption is still increasing. New mines are being discovered and put in service. So, production and maritime transportation of unknown coal types by means of self-heating and explosive gas emitting characteristics rises with new mines and new coal types having different characteristics. For the lots of ports and areas all over the world, coal experts having knowledge of coal cargo characteristics derived form historical information and experiences and they provide their advice based on such information on hand in case of need. In fact, the shippers at ports are using the past experiences of the coal cargo shipped from their mines in the cargo information being provided to the Masters prior to loading. However, putting new mines in service and loading new coal parcels which were not shipped before, result with transportation of the cargo with shortage on self-heating and explosive gas emitting characteristics knowledge prior to loading. Of course, the heat and explosion are not the only risks of coal carriage by sea, but we will not evaluate the other risks in this thesis. The main rule maker of the maritime industry is the IMO and the main instrument of the IMO on coal cargo risk mitigation is the IMSBC Code. This instrument categorises the solid bulk cargoes being transported by sea into three groups according to the dangers posed. The groups are called as Group-A, Group-B and Group-C. Group-A cargoes has liquefaction danger depending moisture content of the parcels being transported by vessels. The coal cargo may also have characteristics of Group-A containing liquefaction risk, and it is added to the IMSBC Code by IMO-MSC Resolution MSC.426(98) which adopted on 15th June, 2017 but the liquefaction risk will not be mentioned in the thesis anymore. Group-B cargoes composes chemical danger where the main topic of ...