The Voice of Childhood in the Past: Foundations for a Renewed Teaching of History and its Possible Inclusion in the Chilean Curriculum ; La voz de la infancia en el pasado: fundamentos para una enseñanza renovada de la historia y su posible consideración en el currículum chileno ; A voz da infância no passado: fundamentos para um ensino renovado da história e sua possível consideração no currículo chileno

The Chilean history curriculum and textbooks on the subject feature an adult-centered narrative that excludes children's participation in the study of the past, focusing on describing the political, economic, and military exploits of adult men representing the ruling sectors. To address this problem, this paper offers a philosophical-educational reflection on the importance of redefining the historical role of children in order to deconstruct children as banished actors of school history or as subaltern subjects of the adult world. From a methodological point of view, this paper is based on the documentary review of different texts housed in databases such as Scielo, Clacso, Redalyc, Wos, Scopus, ProQuest, Latindex and Dialnet. The texts selected are mainly from Chile, Mexico and Spain and examine the importance of rethinking the current treatment of children in the Chilean history curriculum, especially in history textbooks. The search was conducted using the following keywords: Chile, school history, childhood, national curriculum, textbooks, adultcentrism, history didactics and historical thinking. The argumentative method was used to provide theoretical support for the reflection. In conclusion, it is fundamental to adopt a child's perspective in history in order to help children become critical citizens, aware of their rights and responsibilities. ; El currículum chileno de Historia y los textos escolares de esta asignatura se caracterizan por fundarse en un relato adultocéntrico que excluye la participación de la niñez en el estudio del pasado, ya que se han focalizado en describir las proezas políticas, económicas y militares lideradas por hombres adultos pertenecientes a los sectores dirigentes. En función de esta problemática, este ensayo plantea una reflexión filosófico-educativa que tiene por objeto fundamentar la necesidad de resignificar el rol histórico de los niños para deconstruir el tratamiento de estos como agentes desterrados de la historia escolar o como sujetos subalternos del mundo adulto. ...