The associative Moroccaness in France. Militancy and territoriality of a belonging expressed at a distance. ; La marocanité associative en France. Militantisme et territorialité d'une appartenance exprimée à distance.

Long before the 1981 law, the Moroccan emigration towards France gave birth to numerous voluntary associations, which constituted a spatial extension of the Moroccan political field. Then, their activities have been diversified and adapted to the migratory flows and to the French society, but their direction towards the State and space of origin has remained, as the Moroccan sense of belonging (the Moroccanness) felt by their members. In 2007, more than 300 associations can be called « Moroccan » in France. The main hypothesis is that, with the passing of time, along places and spaces invested by these mobilizations, the meanings of their « Moroccanness » for associated migrants have been strongly structured. The analyse of what I call the associative Moroccanness resorts to personal interviews, observations of about thirty associations and consultation of private archives, on a fieldwork including ten cities of the Parisian area (including Paris) and the region Pays-de-la-Loire (including Nantes). Using these data allows to characterize the associative Moroccanness in France by an intense associative circulation, some forms of patriotism at a distance, a post-colonial militancy and an associative territoriality. These new concepts allow to think beyond some false antagonisms, like integration versus « communautarism » or national territory versus transnational space, and to understand how and why a sense of belonging can remain in spite of distance. ; Bien avant la loi de 1981, l'émigration marocaine vers la France a donné naissance à plusieurs associations, qui constituaient alors une extension spatiale du champ politique marocain. Si leurs activités se sont ensuite diversifiées, en s'adaptant aux flux migratoires et à la société française, leur orientation vers l'Etat et l'espace d'origine a persisté, de même que le sentiment d'appartenance marocaine (la marocanité) éprouvé par leurs membres. En 2007, plus de 300 associations en France peuvent ainsi être qualifiées de « marocaines ». L'hypothèse de ce travail ...