Pirâmide 'holográfica': uma introdução ao estudo da óptica no ensino fundamental ; “Holographic” pyramid: an introduction to the study of optics in elementary school

We are at all times bombarded by new technologies that allow us many exploits, many of them unimaginable decades ago. In this scenario, the film industry further enhances the popular imagination by displaying, for example, hypothetical interactive holograms through science-fiction films and superheroes. In addition to the cinemas, we can also mention the holograms in several other scenarios (awards events, marketing and electoral campaigns, music shows, among others), some of which use devices commonly known as "holographic" pyramids. These pyramids can provide the clear impression that the viewer is observing a real and tangible object. However, as discussed in this dissertation, most of these references to holographic images are mistaken, that is, in addition to not being holograms in fact, they are just two-dimensional images. This can generate excellent educational opportunities for the debate on the themes of optical illusions and holograms, especially when we consider the transition from the naive curiosity of the individual to an epistemological curiosity. In this way, we developed an educational product through a didactic sequence for the introduction to the study of optics in elementary education. We take as a starting point the construction of a quadrangular "holographic" pyramid and investigate its physical principle of functioning. The didactic sequence was structured according to the three pedagogical moments (initial problematization, organization of the knowledge and application of the knowledge) developed by Demétrios Delizoicov and that have freirian educational bases. Through the application of the didactic sequence, we show the main results, obstacles, expectations and generate the final educational product including suggestions of applications in the other levels of schooling. Among the results achieved, we highlight playful aspects identified in the "holographic" pyramids that favored the introduction of basic concepts of optics and mathematics in elementary education, as well as immersion ...