نبذة مختصرة : Co-encadrement de la thèse : Pierre-Alain Ayral ; Flash floods, as it happened on September, the 8th and 9th 2002 in the Gard territory, can yield to important economic and human damages. After this catastrophic hydrological situation, a reform of flood warning services (SAC) was initiated. Thus, this political reform has transformed the 52 existing flood warning service into 22 flood forecasting service (SPC) which are more hydrologically consistent, and has created a national central service, the SCHAPI. A new effective hydrological forecasting mission has been assigned to these services. In the context of flash floods, the flood forecasting service Grand Delta (SPC-GD) uses the application ALHTAÏR integrating hydrometeorological data and real-time modeling capabilities of mountainous rivers' discharges. However, this service a limited hydrological forecast ability. Hence, this PhD attempts to enhance this forecasting competency using the purpose of the innovative Grid technology to provide on demand computing resources and collaborative environment. The methodology and experimentations have enabled to implement a hydrological spatial decision support system (G-ALHTAÏR) based on the resources of EGEE (Enabling Grids for E-science) grid architecture. Promising results demonstrate a capacity to model an important number of hydrological forecasts scenarios in an operational context and suitable with SPC-GD requirements. ; Les crues à cinétique rapide, telles que l'évènement du 8 et 9 septembre 2002 dans le département du Gard, causent régulièrement d'importants dommages socio-économiques. A la suite de cette catastrophe, une réforme des services d'annonce des crues (SAC) a été initiée, et a engendré la transformation des 52 services existants en 22 services de prévision des crues (SPC) et la création d'un service central au niveau national, le SCHAPI. Plus cohérent hydrologiquement, ces services se sont vus assigner une nouvelle mission de prévision des crues. Dans le cadre des prévisions des crues à cinétique ...
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