Benefits of the concomittant analysis of handwriting kinematic parameters, cerebral and ocular activities in supervised models for the diagnosis of dysgraphia in children ; Apports de l'analyse conjointe des paramètres cinématiques de l'écriture, de l'activité cérébrale et oculométrique dans des modèles supervisés pour l'aide au diagnostic de la dysgraphie chez l'enfant

Handwriting disorders, known as "dysgraphia", affect 5-10% of school-age children (Smits-Engelsman et al, 2001; Danna et al, 2016; Jolly 2017). Currently, the diagnosis of dysgraphia is based on a relatively subjective test, the BHK (Charles et al., 2003). Left untreated, these disorders rapidly impact other fundamental school learning, and can even lead to academic failure. Early diagnosis is therefore essential.The literature describes dysgraphia relatively well from a motor point of view (Danna et al, 2013; Smits-Engelsman & van Galen, 1997; Hamstra-Bletz & Blöte, 1993), but very little data concerning cerebral or oculomotor activity is available. Moreover, dysgraphia is a term encompassing several different clinical realities (Deuel, 1995; Adi Japha et al, 2007; Smits-Engelman et al, 2001), making its study complex.Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), or dyspraxia, was the framework within which dysgraphia was studied for this work. DCD is a developmental disorder characterized by coordination difficulties and poor control of physical movements, without intellectual impairment.An experiment was carried out to analyze handwriting production in both children with DCD and typically developing children on the basis of 3 joint measurements: kinematic parameters of handwriting, brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG), and oculomotor activity measured by eye-tracking.A total of 20 children aged 8 to 12 completed the 6-task experiment: two dictations of alphabet letters and numbers, three graphomotor tests, and the first 5 lines of the BHK. After data processing, EEG, eye-tracking and handwriting kinematics were analyzed.Global spectral analysis of the EEG for the BHK task showed a difference in the Beta Alpha power ratio (BAR), which was greater for the DYS group than the control group in the left temporal electrodes. This type of observation could be in line with previous studies (Ose Askvik et al, 2020; Harrington et al 2007), however the absence of other results for other regions ...