نبذة مختصرة : In this work, a functionally graded material (FGM) part was fabricated by depositing a Cu-based alloy ontop of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel by twin-wire and arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM).Copper and steel parts are of interest in many industries since they can combine high thermal/electricalconductivity, wear resistance with excellent mechanical properties. However, mixing copper with steel isdifficult due to mismatches in the coefficient of thermal expansion, in the melting temperature, and crys-tal structure. Moreover, the existence of a miscibility gap during solidification, when the melt is under-cooled, causes serious phase separation and segregation during solidification which greatly affects themechanical properties. Copper and steel control samples and the functionally graded material specimenwere fabricated and investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and highenergy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Retainedd-ferrite was found in a Cu matrix at the interface regiondue to regions with mixed composition. A smooth gradient of hardness and electric conductivity alongthe FGM sample height was obtained. An ultimate tensile strength of 690 MPa and an elongation at frac-ture of 16.6% were measured in the FGM part.
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