Effect of bone sialoprotein (BSP) knockout on osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis in vitro : development and validation of a bioreactor for osteoblastic cultures in three dimensions ; Impact de l'extinction génique de la sialoprotéine osseuse (BSP) sur la différenciation des ostéoblastes et l'ostéogenèse in vitro : développement et validation d'un bioréacteur pour la culture ostéoblastique en trois dimensions

Traditional (2D) cell culture cannot reproduce the tissue properties observed in 3 dimensional organs (3D). Weight-bearing organs such as bone are subjected to mechanical stresses, which are major regulating factors for cell and cell/matrix interactions. There is thus a growing interest in 3D culture models, in order to better understand the different aspects of cell function and bone remodeling in systems less complex than in vivo models. We are interested here in the osteoblastic cells and in one of their matrix proteins, the bone sialoprotein (BSP). BSP belongs to the family of the "small integrin -binding ligand N -linked glycoproteins" (SIBLING), involved in the development, remodeling and mineralization of bone, and responding quickly to mechanical stress. Our goal in this work was to analyze the impact of the absence of this protein on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro from mouse calvarial cells (MCC) with a gene knockout of BSP (BSP-/-), grown in 2D and 3D. We have shown that BSP-/- cells have a defect in bone formation and mineralization which is cell density dependent. We have developed and validated a perfused bioreactor able to apply mechanical stress to culture scaffolds via the ZetOsTM system. Our first results with this powerful tool show that a 3D environment improves BSP-/- cells differentiation. This work remains to be developed, in particular to analyze the effects of mechanical stress on these cells ; La culture cellulaire traditionnelle en deux dimensions (2D) ne peut pas reproduire les propriétés des tissus observées dans des organes en trois dimensions (3D). Ces tissus, en particulier les tissus de soutien comme l'os, sont soumis à des contraintes mécaniques, facteurs majeurs de régulation des interactions cellulaires et cellules/matrices. Il y a donc un intérêt croissant pour les modèles 3D, afin de mieux comprendre les différents aspects du fonctionnement cellulaire et du remodelage osseux, dans des systèmes de moindre complexité que les modèles in vivo. Nous nous ...