Estimation of the environment distribution of a random walk in random environment ; Estimation de la loi du milieu d'une marche aléatoire en milieu aléatoire

Introduced in the 1960s, the model of random walk in i.i.d. environment on integers (or RWRE) raised only recently interest in the statistical community. Various works have in particular focused on the estimation of the environment distribution from a single trajectory of the RWRE.This thesis extends the advances made in those works and offers new approaches to the problem.First, we consider the estimation problem from a frequentist point of view. When the RWRE is transient to the right or recurrent, we build the first non-parametric estimator of the density of the environment distribution and obtain an upper-bound of the associated risk in infinite norm.Then, we consider the estimation problem from a Bayesian perspective. When the RWRE is transient to the right, we prove the posterior consistency of the Bayesian estimator of the environment distribution.The main difficulty of the thesis was to develop the tools necessary to the proof of Bayesian consistency.For this purpose, we demonstrate a quantitative version of a Mac Diarmid's type concentration inequality for Markov chains.We also study the return time to 0 of a branching process with immigration in random environment (or BPIRE). We show the existence of a finite exponential moment uniformly valid on a class of BPIRE. The BPIRE being a Markov chain, this result enables then to make explicit the dependence of the constants of the concentration inequality with respect to the characteristics of the BPIRE. ; Introduit dans les années 1960, le modèle de la marche aléatoire en milieu aléatoire i.i.d. sur les entiers relatifs (ou MAMA) a récemment été l'objet d'un regain d'intérêt dans la communauté statistique.Divers travaux se sont en particulier intéressés à la question de l'estimation de la loi du milieu à partir de l'observation d'une unique trajectoire de la MAMA.Cette thèse s'inscrit dans cette dynamique.Dans un premier temps, nous considérons le problème d'estimation d'un point de vue fréquentiste. Lorsque la MAMA est transiente à droite ou récurrente, ...