بيانات النشر: Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Ciudad de México, Mexico;Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biotecnología Genómica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath, UK
Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biotecnología Genómica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica , Ciudad de México, México;Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Catedras CONACYT , Ciudad de México, México
New York University Langone Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
UAB Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, UK;Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN, USA
Western Honduras Gastric Cancer Prevention Initiative Hospital de Occidente Santa Rosa de Copan , Santa Rosa de Copan, Honduras
Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Servicio Instituto de Biomedicina MPPS-UCV , Caracas, Venezuela
Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Santa Rosa de Copan, Honduras
Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas “Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini”, IQUIFIB UBA-CONICET , Santa Rosa de Copan, Honduras
Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires , C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina;National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
Laboratorio de Patogénesis Microbiana, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Diego Portales , Ejército 141 Santiago, Chile
Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa , Madrid, Spain
Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa, Portugal
Division of Gastroenterology, Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation & Immunity Research, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, Canada
Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Ciudad de México, Mexico
Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University , Swansea, UK
Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden;Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
نبذة مختصرة : Helicobacter pylori is a common component of the human stomach microbiota, possibly dating back to the speciation of Homo sapiens. A history of pathogen evolution in allopatry has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations, associated with different human populations, and more recent admixture among H. pylori subpopulations can provide information about human migrations. However, little is known about the degree to which some H. pylori genes are conserved in the face of admixture, potentially indicating host adaptation, or how virulence genes spread among different populations. We analyzed H. pylori genomes from 14 countries in the Americas, strains from the Iberian Peninsula, and public genomes from Europe, Africa, and Asia, to investigate how admixture varies across different regions and gene families. Whole-genome analyses of 723 H. pylori strains from around the world showed evidence of frequent admixture in the American strains with a complex mosaic of contributions from H. pylori populations originating in the Americas as well as other continents. Despite the complex admixture, distinctive genomic fingerprints were identified for each region, revealing novel American H. pylori subpopulations. A pan-genome Fst analysis showed that variation in virulence genes had the strongest fixation in America, compared with non-American populations, and that much of the variation constituted non-synonymous substitutions in functional domains. Network analyses suggest that these virulence genes have followed unique evolutionary paths in the American populations, spreading into different genetic backgrounds, potentially contributing to the high risk of gastric cancer in the region.
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