Contributors: Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique Dijon (BIO-PEROXIL); Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC); Université Hassan 1er Settat; Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM); Faculté de médecine de Sousse Ibn EL Jazzar; Institut préparatoire aux études scientifiques et techniques La Marsa (IPEST); Université de Sousse; Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques - Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules (LR11IPT08); Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Pasteur Network (Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur)-Pasteur Network (Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur); Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation Dijon (CSGA); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Laboratoire de Recherche Appliquée Spiral Bourgogne (LARA SPIRAL); Service de Neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative (CHU de Dijon); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon); This work was supported by grants from: University of Bourgogne (Dijon, France); University of Monastir (Monastir, Tunisia); Aides et Services à Domicile (ASSAD) (Louhans, France) and the Association Bourguignonne pour les Aplications en Sciences de l’Information en Médecine (ABASIM, Dijon, France). This work was supported by the Action Intégrée of the Comité Mixte Inter-Universitaire Franco-Marocain (CMIFM, MA/14/310) from the Projet Hubert Curien (PHC) Volubilis/Toubkal program, the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur and the Centre National Pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST, Morocco), the projet PPR from the (CNRST, Morocco), the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, and the University of Bourgogne. We also thank Philip Bastable for English corrections (University Hospital, Dijon, France).
نبذة مختصرة : PMCID: PMC5666899 ; International audience ; Argan oil is widely used in Morocco in traditional medicine. Its ability to treat cardiovascular diseases is well-established. However, nothing is known about its effects on neurodegenerative diseases, which are often associated with increased oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and the formation of 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) resulting from cholesterol auto-oxidation. As 7KC induces oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death, it is important to identify compounds able to impair its harmful effects. These compounds may be either natural or synthetic molecules or mixtures of molecules such as oils. In this context: (i) the lipid profiles of dietary argan oils from Berkane and Agadir (Morocco) in fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and polyphenols were determined by different chromatographic techniques; and (ii) their anti-oxidant and cytoprotective effects in 158N murine oligodendrocytes cultured with 7KC (25-50 mu M; 24 h) without and with argan oil (0.1% v/v) or -tocopherol (400 mu M, positive control) were evaluated with complementary techniques of cellular and molecular biology. Among the unsaturated fatty acids present in argan oils, oleate (C18:1 n-9) and linoleate (C18:1 n-6) were the most abundant; the highest quantities of saturated fatty acids were palmitate (C16:0) and stearate (C18:0). Several phytosterols were found, mainly schottenol and spinasterol (specific to argan oil), cycloartenol, beta-amyrin and citrostadienol alpha- and gamma-tocopherols were also present. Tyrosol and protocatechic acid were the only polyphenols detected. Argan and extra virgin olive oils have many compounds in common, principally oleate and linoleate, and tocopherols. Kit Radicaux Libres (KRL) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests showed that argan and extra virgin olive oils have anti-oxidant properties. Argan oils were able to attenuate the cytotoxic effects of 7KC on 158N cells: loss of cell adhesion, cell growth inhibition, increased plasma membrane ...
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