Liposome encapsulation of curcumin: interactions biomolecule / membrane, release and cytotoxicity in vitro systems ; Nanovectorisation de la curcumine sous forme liposomale : interactions biomolécule / membrane, transferts et cytotoxicité dans des systèmes in vitro

Curcumin, a yellow lipid-soluble natural pigment, a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been identified as the active principle of turmeric. Curcumin has already become a research focus due to its numerous biological and pharmacological benefits such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties and other desirable medical benefits. However, due to its low absorption, the poor bioavailability of curcumin limits its clinical use. The objective of this work has focused on the study of the physicochemical properties of this molecule encapsulated in form of liposome. Different formulations of nanocarriers prepared from polar lipids more or less rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids with variable long chain, derived from vegetable or marine source, have been used to modify liposomes membrane fluidity. These works have allowed to optimize the encapsulation efficiency of the curcumin and to study its bioavailability and cytotoxicity effects on different cell lines (MCF7, embryonic cortical neurons). The results show significant effects when using nanoliposomes formulated with marine lecithin, protected by chitosan as the coating polymer. The physico-chemical analyses of the size by light scattering (Zetasizer, NanoSight), the stability (measurement of the size and the electrophoretic mobility), the structure by transmission electron microscopy and the release of the encapsulated molecule, allowed to better understand the effects of polymer-phospholipid interactions and the release of encapsulated curcumin in drastic environmental conditions of gastric and intestinal digestion. A multiscale characterization is proposed in order to improve the understanding of the various properties of the active agent (curcumin) and the nanovector, as well as the possible interactions occuring between them. The techniques used are Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays, Rheometer and Transmission Electron Microscopy ; La curcumine est un polyphénol de couleur jaune ...