Prospects for the development of dual-use technologies in Ukraine ; Перспективи розвитку в Україні технологій подвійного призначення

The article discusses the patterns of development of scientific and technological progress, as well as the prospects for the development of dual-use technologies in Ukraine. The development of critical dual-use technologies on the example of the most developed countries in the world is considered.The strategies for the development of dual technologies in the USA, Germany, France and Japan are analyzed. The influence of financing on the results of scientific and technical work is analyzed. The most prepared in terms of personnel, work experience and production equipment are enterprises of the defense industry and the space industry, which create “breakthroughˮ dual-use technologies and ensure scientific and technological progress. This potential provides the most significant and effective solutions in the presence of sufficient funding, which for developed countries is 2 % of gross domestic product. In critical situations for society, such as the coronavirus pandemic, these enterprises respond most quickly by mastering and launching new products to the challenges. Examples of the rapid development of new products by enterprises of the defense complex of medical products in the context of the coronavirus pandemic are given. On the examples of advanced enterprises of the defense complex and the Institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the possibility of creating dual technologies and the production of civilian products is shown. In the context of limited funding for new R&D, it is necessary to carry out research and exploratory development to create new consumer devices, primarily medical devices, which have a high demand from society and a high cost. This approach will provide enterprises and Institutions, in addition to government funding, also support from investors. ; В статті розглянуто закономірності розвитку науково-технічного прогресу, а також перспективи розвитку технологій подвійного використання в Україні. Найбільш підготованими за кадровим складом, досвідом робіт та виробничим ...