Histopathological Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor- Alpha and Prolactin in Psoriasis

Objective: This study investigates the histopathological characteristics of psoriasis, focusing on both epidermal and dermal features, and evaluates the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and prolactin receptor using immunohistochemistry. Methods: Skin biopsies from clinically confirmed cases of psoriasis were collected and processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis at the Department of Pathology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, from March 2021 to October 2022. Histopathological features such as Munro’s micro abscesses, parakeratosis, spongiosis, thinning of the parapapillary dermis, and elongation of rete ridges were documented. TNF-α and prolactin receptor expression levels were semi-quantitatively assessed based on the number of positively stained cells and staining intensity. Results: Munro’s micro abscesses were observed in 54.4% of cases, while parakeratosis and spongiosis were noted in 28.1% and 19.3% of cases, respectively. Dermal changes included thinning of the parapapillary dermis in 47.4% of cases and elongation of rete ridges in 36.8% of cases. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant TNF-α expression in keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells, and prolactin receptor expression in keratinocytes and endothelial cells. Conclusion: The findings highlight the characteristic histopathological features of psoriasis and underscore the roles of TNF-α and prolactin in its pathogenesis. TNF-α is implicated in immune cell recruitment, while prolactin appears to influence keratinocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. These insights contribute to a better understanding of psoriasis pathology and suggest potential therapeutic targets. ; Objective: This study investigates the histopathological characteristics of psoriasis, focusing on both epidermal and dermal features, and evaluates the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and prolactin receptor using immunohistochemistry. Methods: Skin biopsies from clinically ...