The heparan sulfate sulfotranferase 3-OST3A (HS3ST3A) : an enzyme involved in the maturation of glycosaminoglycans as a novel tumor regulator in breast cancer ; L’héparane sulfate 3-O-sulfotransférase 3A (3-OST3A) : une enzyme de maturation des glycosaminoglycanes en tant que nouveau régulateur tumoral dans le cancer du sein

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are ubiquitous macromolecules located at the cell plasma membrane and in extracellular matrices playing a key role in the control of cell-matrix interactions and in the tumor micro-environment. Their biosynthesis is performed by a complex enzymatic machinery involving glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases, the latter adding a sulfate group at different residue positions of the polysaccharide chain. These modifications provide to the HSPG the ability to interact with many ligands such as growth factors and their receptors, and to regulate multiple pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis and tumor development. I focused on a sulfotransferase family, the heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferases (HS3STs) responsible for a rare, terminal modification of HS chains. Specifically, we investigated the HS3ST3A isoform whose role in tumor development has been previously demonstrated by our team. Here I explored the role of HS3ST3A in breast cancer. My studies demonstrate that HS3ST3A gene is epigenetically regulated in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays in cellulo showed that HS3ST3A exerts an oncogenic or tumor suppressor effect in a cell-dependent context. A clinical study performed in a cohort of breast cancer patients showed that a high expression level of HS3ST3A in tumors is associated with reduced relapse-free survival in HER2+ patients. For the first time, we report a functional role of HS3ST3A as a tumor regulator of breast cancer cells behavior and this study allows considering it as a prognostic marker of the HER2 breast cancer evolution. The last part of my work attempted to understand the mechanisms that explain the deleterious consequences of the high expression level of HS3ST3A on the aggressiveness of HER2+ breast cancer. In this regard, my results suggested that the HS3ST3A may induce HER2 receptor activation following the formation of the ternary complex HS ...