Understanding Factors That Influence Pest Risk in Olive Production

The aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of the factors that influence the risk of pests in olive cultivation on a global scale. Two different analytical methods were used: a bibliometric review and a systematic review. The first method, based on the Scopus database and supported by analytical tools such as VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, allowed for the identification and analysis of 1060 publications, with a particular focus on the 445 most cited from 2014 to 2023. This bibliometric exploration highlighted the main contributions and trends in research on pest management in olive growing. On the other hand, the systematic review was carried out through a triangulation of databases, including Scopus, EBSCO, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA protocol to ensure a rigorous methodological process. A total of 27 scientific studies were selected that provided a detailed and relevant view of pest control practices. The results of this systematic analysis show the critical importance of the controlled and judicious use of pesticides in olive cultivation to prevent adverse effects on human health, biodiversity, and the environment. They also highlight the need to promote sustainable cultivation practices that reduce dependence on agrochemicals, thereby improving soil health and the quality of the harvested product.