Large Orbital to Charge Conversion in Weak Spin Orbit Coupling Element Zr via Spin Orbital Pumping and Spin Orbital Seebeck Effect

The generation of spin-orbital currents is crucial for advancing energy-efficient spintronic devices. Here, the intricate process involved in the generation and conversion of spin and orbital to charge currents in Zr(t=2, 3, 4.5, 6, &10nm)/Co60Fe20B20(CFB), Zr/Pt/CFB, and Zr/Pt/CFB/Pt heterostructures are investigated using spin-orbital pumping ferromagnetic resonance and longitudinal spin-orbital Seebeck effect measurements. The moderate spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the CFB layer facilitates the simultaneous generation of spin and orbital currents, which are transferred into adjacent Zr and Pt layers. Different spin-orbital to charge current contributions, namely, Inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE), Inverse orbital Hall effect (IOHE), and Inverse orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect (IOREE) are analyzed. Notably, introducing a single Pt layer increases the spin-orbital to charge current conversion via combined effects: ISHE in Pt, IOREE in Zr/Pt interface. An enhanced effective spin-orbital Hall angle ({\theta}_eff) of 0.120 {\pm} 0.004 is observed for Zr/Pt/CFB, compared to that of 0.065 {\pm} 0.002 for the Zr/CFB, and 0.077 {\pm} 0.003 for the Zr/Pt/CFB/Pt heterostructures. These findings provide new insights into orbital-moment dependent phenomena and offer promising avenues for developing advanced spintronic devices exploiting both spin and orbital degrees of freedom, even in materials with lower SOC.
Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures