РОЗВИТОК ТВОРЧИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ УЧНІВ ОСНОВНОЇ ШКОЛИ ПІД ЧАС ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ШВЕЙНИХ ВИРОБІВ

The experimental work revealed the disconnection between students’ knowledge and their abilities and skills, i.e. knowledge of the means of carrying out the activity does not yet indicate mastery of the work. Adolescents absorb the entire volume of information about the graphic and design features of the stages of design activity very quickly, but the most interesting (at this stage) cognitive component of the activity is already behind, there remains work on the formation of special abilities and skills, which requires patience, diligence, willpower, accuracy, perseverance, etc. This is a longer stage than the stage of the assimilation of knowledge. If the lessons are built in such a way that the same design technique is repeated for a long time in action, then children lose interest in knowledge. The monotony of activity is tiring, and this contradicts the psychological characteristics of teenagers. It is not possible to achieve high professionalism in design and construction activities even when performing several works (within the same design) in a row.That is why the system of creative tasks developed by us is built in such a way that the cyclical repetition of the structures being developed and the execution of technical modeling at a higher level of complexity are carried out. In addition, in the process of developing a model at all successive stages of design activity (designing a model, developing a design and performing technical modeling of a product), the students’ skills are constantly improved.It is necessary to constantly monitor the fact that the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities is carried out through the personal interest of schoolchildren. For this purpose, we have developed and proposed, in addition to the main, a set of variable tasks, unconventional for performing model design, as part of the school program.The following generalized directions have been established, according to which we propose to evaluate the peculiarities of the organization of special activities for schoolchildren in the lessons of labor training: the organization of activities that promotes the development of creative abilities of the individual at each stage of design activity; organization of independent participation of schoolchildren in special activities; creation of conditions for activation of creative abilities; humanistic approach to the educational process. Keywords: design; drawing; creativity; task; cards; ability; activity; model; subject; product.
Експериментальна робота викрила роз’єднання знань учнів та їхніх умінь і навичок, тобто знання засобів здійснення діяльності ще не свідчать про майстерність виконання роботи. Саме тому розроблена нами система творчих завдань побудована таким чином, що здійснюється циклічне повторення конструкцій, що розроблюються, і виконання технічного моделювання на вищому рівні складності. Окрім цього, під час виконання розробки моделі на всіх послідовних етапах конструкторської діяльності (проєктування моделі, розробка конструкції і виконання технічного моделювання виробу) постійно вдосконалюється і підвищується майстерність учнів. Ключові слова: проєктування; креслення; творчість; завдання; картки; здібність; діяльність; модель; предмет; виріб.