Interaction of miR-146a-5p with oxidative stress and inflammation in complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in male rats: Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory protection strategies in type 2 diabetic retinopathy

Objective(s): This study aimed to evaluate the role of miR-146a-5p in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and its interaction with oxidative stress and inflammation in the ocular tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats (220 ±20 g) were randomly assigned to control and diabetic groups. A high-fat diet was used for three months to induce T2DM which was confirmed by the HOMA-IR index. After that, the levels of glucose and insulin in serum, HOMA-IR as an indicator of insulin resistance, the ocular level of oxidative markers, TNF‐α, IL-1β, MIPs, and MCP-1 along with ocular gene expression of NF-κB, Nrf2, and miR-146a-5p were evaluated.Results: The level of lipid peroxidation along with metabolic and inflammatory factors significantly increased and the antioxidant enzyme activity significantly decreased in diabetic rats (p