Dental materials toxicity

Dentalni materijal koji koristimo u terapiji mora zadovoljavati određene funkcije i uz to mora biti biokompatibilan, odnosno bezopasan za sva oralna tkiva te ne smije izazvati neželjene reakcije. Neželjene reakcije dijele se na sistemnu toksičnost, lokalne reakcije, alergijske reakcije i ostale reakcije. Prije nego što je materijal odobren za upotrebu on mora proći određena testiranja. Mora proći primarne testove koji vrednuju stanični odgovor, zatim sekundarne testove koji vrednuju tkivni odgovor, testove na pokusnim životinjama te u konačnici kliničke testova na ljudima. U ovom radu opisana je moguća toksičnost dentalnih amalgama, utjecaj na usnu šupljinu, na ostale organe i sustave. Zatim, prikazan je sastav kompozita i adhezijskih sustava i elementi koji potencijalno mogu biti toksični. Opisan je sastav i podjela staklenoionomernih cemenata i utjecaj sastava cementa na tkiva. Slijedi prikaz sredstava za ispiranje kanala, intrakanalnih lijekova i materijala za punjenje. Naposlijetku, opisana je primjena fluora u prevenciji zubnog karijesa i štetni učinci koje fluor može imati na zube. Dental materials used in treatments must be functional as well as biocompatible, that is, harmless to all oral tissues and they mustn't provoke (cause) adverse effects. These effects can be subdivided into: systemic toxicity, local reactions, allergic reactions and other reactions. Before a material is approved for market launch, it must undergo specific types of testing: primary testing that evaluates cell response, secondary testing that evaluates tissue response, then experimental testing on animals and, finally, clinical testing on people. This paper describes possible toxicity of dental amalgams and their effect on oral cavity and other organs and systems. It shows the constitution of composite and adhesive systems and elements that can potentially be toxic. It describes the constitution and classification of glassionomer cements and the impact that their constitution has on tissues. The paper also presents various irrigants for root canal desinfection, intracanal medicaments and root canal filling materials. Finally, it describes the appliance of fluorine in the prevention of dental caries, as well as harmful effects that fluorine can have on teeth.