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Automatic hermiticity for mixed states

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  • معلومة اضافية
    • بيانات النشر:
      Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023.
    • الموضوع:
      2023
    • نبذة مختصرة :
      We previously proposed a mechanism to effectively obtain, after a long time development, a Hamiltonian being Hermitian with regard to a modified inner product $I_Q$ that makes a given non-normal Hamiltonian normal by using an appropriately chosen Hermitian operator $Q$. We studied it for pure states. In this letter we show that a similar mechanism also works for mixed states by introducing density matrices to describe them and investigating their properties explicitly both in the future-not-included and future-included theories. In particular, in the latter, where not only a past state at the initial time $T_A$ but also a future state at the final time $T_B$ is given, we study a couple of candidates for it, and introduce a ``skew density matrix'' composed of both ensembles of the future and past states such that the trace of the product of it and an operator ${\cal O}$ matches a normalized matrix element of ${\cal O}$. We argue that the skew density matrix defined with $I_Q$ at the present time $t$ for large $T_B-t$ and large $t-T_A$ approximately corresponds to another density matrix composed of only an ensemble of past states and defined with another inner product $I_{Q_J}$ for large $t-T_A$.
      Comment: Latex 14 pages, typos corrected, presentation improved, the final version to appear in Prog.Theor.Exp.Phys
    • File Description:
      application/pdf
    • ISSN:
      2050-3911
    • Rights:
      OPEN
    • الرقم المعرف:
      edsair.doi.dedup.....dfd71455d22c0c614d2a0a001678a0fc