Depression screening and clinical outcomes among adults initiating maintenance hemodialysis

Background Transitioning to maintenance hemodialysis (HD) is a vulnerable period for persons with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), punctuated by high rates of depression, hospitalizations and death. Screening for depression during this time may help to improve patient outcomes but formal inquiry has yet to be conducted. Among a national Veteran cohort, we examined whether depression screening in the year prior to HD initiation led to improved outcomes in the year thereafter. Methods Associations between pre-ESRD depression screening and post-ESRD outcomes were examined with Cox proportional hazards models (mortality) and Poisson regression models (hospitalization). Hierarchal adjustment models accounted for sociodemographic, clinical, pre-ESRD care and dialysis characteristics. Results The final analytic cohort of the study was 30 013 Veterans of whom 64% underwent pre-ESRD depression screening. During the 12 months post-transition, the crude all-cause mortality rate was 0.32 person-year for those screened and 0.35 person-year for those not screened, while the median (interquartile range) hospitalizations were 2 (2, 2) per year for both groups. In fully adjusted models, pre-ESRD depression screening was associated with a lower risk of mortality [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.94 (0.90–0.99)] and hospitalization [incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.97 (0.9–0.99)]. Conclusion Depression screening among adults prior to maintenance HD transition may be associated with better outcomes during the following year.