Ministerial Appointments Strategies: between policy and public policy

RESUMO Introducao: Os ministros sao atores politicos centrais na elaboracao e implementacao de politicas publicas, defesa e representacao politica de grupos sociais e de interesse, aconselhamento e assessoramento dos chefes de governo, alem de exercerem autoridade maxima no campo especifico sob sua jurisdicao para diversas demandas cotidianas. Nesse contexto, a composicao dos gabinetes indica a permeabilidade de aspectos politicos e tambem de elementos tecnicos na conducao dos problemas a cargo dos ministerios. Assim, quais os perfis dos ministros recrutados pelos governos eleitos da Nova Republica, sobretudo, em termos de insercao politico-partidaria e de expertise tecnica? Materiais e Metodos: Para responder essa questao, este artigo propoe a utilizacao do Indice de Politizacao Ministerial (IPM) a partir de uma base de dados original dos ministros titulares do governo Collor a interrupcao do segundo mandato de Dilma Rousseff (1990 a 2016). Resultados: Como resultado, o trabalho demonstra elevada qualificacao do ministro mediano no Brasil democratico, bem como a predominância do perfil que agrega experiencias nas arenas politica e tambem tecnica. Observam-se tambem diferencas no padrao de nomeacao entre os governos tucanos e petistas. Enquanto os primeiros selecionam mais empresarios e especialistas, os governos petistas foram mais politizados e nomearam mais frequentemente empregados, mulheres e negros. Discussao: Em suma, ao agregar na analise dos ministros a perspectiva da trajetoria pessoal e a abordagem da composicao partidaria no contexto do presidencialismo de coalizao, o artigo contribui para qualificar o debate sobre o Executivo e tambem sobre as diferencas do sistema partidario no Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: presidencialismo de coalizao; ministros de Estado; partidos politicos; elites politicas; Brasil. Ministerial Appointments Strategies: between policy and public policy ABSTRACT Introduction: Ministers are crucial stakeholders in the policymaking, advocacy and political representation of social and interest groups, advising and support the chief of government, and exercising maximum authority in the specific field under their jurisdiction for several daily demands. In this context, the composition of the cabinets indicates the permeability of political aspects as well as technical elements in handling of the policy issues by the ministries. So what are the profiles of ministers appointed by elected governments in Brazil, especially in terms of party political affiliation and technical expertise? Materials and Methods: To answer this question, this article proposes the Ministerial Politization Index (IPM) from an original database of the Collor government ministers to the interruption of Dilma Rousseff’s second term (1990 to 2016). Results: As a result, the paper shows a high qualification of the median minister in democratic Brazil, as well as predominance of the profile that assemble experiences in the political and technical arenas. There are also differences in the appointment patterns between PSDB and PT administrations. While the former select more entrepreneurs and specialists, PT has been more politicized and more often appointed employees, women and blacks. Discussion: In sum, by adding in the ministers’ analysis both the personal trajectory perspective and the party composition approach in the context of coalition presidentialism, the article contributes to qualify the debate about the Executive and also regarding the party system differences in Brazil. KEYWORDS: coalition presidentialism; ministers of State; political parties; political elites; Brazil.