Contributors: D'Onofrio, N; Mele, L; Martino, E; Salzano, A; Restucci, B; Cautela, D; Tatullo, M; Balestrieri, M. L.; Campanile, G; D'Onofrio, N.; Mele, L.; Martino, E.; Salzano, A.; Restucci, B.; Cautela, D.; Tatullo, M.; Campanile, G.
نبذة مختصرة : Betaines are food components widely distributed in plants, animals, microorganisms, and dietary sources. Among betaines, &delta
valerobetaine (N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid, &delta
VB) shares a metabolic pathway common to &gamma
butyrobetaine (&gamma
BB). The biological properties of &delta
VB are particularly attractive, as it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Here, we investigated the possible synergism between &delta
VB and the structurally related &gamma
BB, to date unexplored, by testing the in vitro anticancer activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, FaDu, UM-SCC-17A and Cal 27. Among cell lines tested, results indicated that betaines showed the highest effect in reducing Cal 27 cell proliferation up to 72 h (p <
0.01). This effect was enhanced when betaines were administered in combination (&delta
VB plus &gamma
BB) (p <
0.001). Inhibition of cell growth by &delta
BB involved reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and apoptosis (p <
0.001). SIRT1 gene silencing by small interfering RNA decreased the apoptotic effect of &delta
BB by modulating downstream procaspase-3 and cyclin B1 (p <
0.05). These findings might have important implications for novel prevention strategies for tongue squamous cell carcinoma by targeting SIRT1 with naturally occurring betaines.
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