نبذة مختصرة : Background and Objectives: The Influenza Resistance Information Study (IRIS) was initiated in 2008 to study the emergence of neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) resistance and the clinical course of influenza in immunocompetent treated and untreated patients. \ud \ud Methods: Patients had throat/nose swabs collected on Days 1, 3, 6 and 10 for analyses of influenza type, subtype and virus susceptibility to NAIs. RT-PCR Positive samples were cultured, and tested for NAI resistance by specific RT-PCR and phenotypic testing. Scores for influenza symptoms were recorded on diary cards (Days 1–10). This study focuses on Influenza A infected cases only.\ud \ud Results: Among 3230 RT-PCR-positive patients, 2316 had influenza A of whom 1216 received oseltamivir monotherapy within 2 days of symptom onset (9 seasonal H1N1; 662 H3N2; 545 H1N1pdm2009). Except for 9 patients with naturally resistant seasonal H1N1 (2008/9), no resistance was detected in Day 1 samples. Emergence of resistance (post-Day 1) was detected in 43/1207 (3.56%) oseltamivir-treated influenza A infected patients, with a higher frequency in 1 to 5-year-old (11.8%) versus >5-year-old (1.4%). All N1 and N2 resistant viruses had H275Y (n=27) or R292K (n=16) substitutions, respectively. For 43 patients, virus clearance was significantly delayed versus treated patients with susceptible viruses (8.1 vs 10.9 days; p
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