Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malay Satisfaction Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Prevention in Malaysia

Anisha Kaur Sandhu,1,2 Li Shean Toh,3 Yew Kong Lee,1 Alexander Tong Boon Tan,4,5 Jeyakantha Ratnasingam,5 Nagammai Thiagarajan,6 Pauline Siew Mei Lai1 1Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; 3School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; 4Sunway Medical Centre, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia; 5Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 6Kuala Lumpur Health Clinic, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Pauline Siew Mei LaiDepartment of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, University Malaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 50603, MalaysiaTel +603-79492802Fax +603-794924368Email plai@ummc.edu.myPurpose: The English Satisfaction Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Prevention (SQOP) is validated in Malaysia. However, Malay is the national language of Malaysia spoken by the majority of Malaysians. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Malay Satisfaction Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Prevention (SQOP-M) in Malaysia.Patients and Methods: This study was carried out from March to October 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. The SQOP was translated from English to Malay according to international guidelines. Malay-speaking postmenopausal women ≥ 50 years were recruited and randomized into control and intervention groups. The intervention group received an osteoporosis prevention information booklet and a 15-minute pharmacist counselling session. All patients were asked to answer the SQOP-M questionnaire at baseline and two weeks later. The control group received the intervention after the study was completed.Results: Overall, 230/348 patients were recruited (C=115, I=115, response rate=66.1%). Exploratory factor analysis extracted four domains. Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.230 to 0.938. Kappa measurement of agreement values ranged from 0.124 to 0.627, where 10/23 (43.5%) items were in moderate to substantial agreement. Wilcoxon signed rank test values were statistically significant (p< 0.005) for 4/23 items. Item 17 was an optional question and excluded from analysis. Total satisfaction score was significantly higher for intervention group patients [76.9 (47.6– 53.9) vs 50.4 (47.6– 53.9), p< 0.001] indicating higher satisfaction compared to control group.Conclusion: The SQOP-M was found to be valid and reliable in assessing patient satisfaction of osteoporosis screening and prevention services provided to Malay-speaking patients in Malaysia.Keywords: Malaysia, osteoporosis, patient satisfaction, validation study