Contributors: Génétique et Génomique des Insectes Vecteurs; Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN); Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN); CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU); Sorbonne Université (SU); Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); Biomedical Sciences Institute (BMSI); Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Pasteur Network (Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur); Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg]; This work received financial support to KDV from the European Commission, Horizon 2020 Infrastructures #731060 Infravec2; European Research Council, Support for frontier research, Advanced Grant #323173 AnoPath; French National Research Agency #ANR-PRC2019-ArboVec, and French Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' #ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID, and support to IVS from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project #223822.; ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010); European Project: 731060,INFRAVEC2(2017); European Project: 323173,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120314,ANOPATH(2013); Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN); Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU); Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
نبذة مختصرة : BackgroundMosquitoes are colonized by a large but mostly uncharacterized natural virome of RNA viruses.Anophelesmosquitoes are efficient vectors of human malaria, and the composition and distribution of the natural RNA virome may influence the biology and immunity ofAnophelesmalaria vector populations.ResultsAnophelesvectors of human malaria were sampled in forest village sites in Senegal and Cambodia, includingAnopheles funestus, Anopheles gambiaegroup sp., andAnopheles coustaniin Senegal, andAnopheles hyrcanusgroupsp., Anopheles maculatusgroupsp., andAnopheles dirusin Cambodia. Small and long RNA sequences were depleted of mosquito host and de novo assembled to yield non-redundant contigs longer than 500 nucleotides. Analysis of the assemblies by sequence similarity to known virus families yielded 125 novel virus sequences, 39 from SenegalAnophelesand 86 from Cambodia. Important monophyletic virus clades in theBunyaviralesandMononegaviralesorders are found in theseAnophelesfrom Africa and Asia. Small RNA size and abundance profiles were used to cluster non-host RNA assemblies that were unclassified by sequence similarity. 39 unclassified non-redundant contigs >500 nucleotides strongly matched a pattern of classic RNAi processing of viral replication intermediates, and 1566 unclassified contigs strongly matched a pattern consistent with piRNAs. Analysis of piRNA expression inAnopheles coluzziiafter infection with O’nyong nyong virus (familyTogaviridae) suggests that virus infection can specifically alter abundance of some piRNAs.ConclusionsRNA viruses ubiquitously colonize Anopheles vectors of human malaria worldwide. At least some members of the mosquito virome are monophyletic with other arthropod viruses. However, high levels of collinearity and similarity of Anopheles viruses at the peptide level is not necessarily matched by similarity at the nucleotide level, indicating thatAnophelesfrom Africa and Asia are colonized by closely related but clearly diverged virome members. The interplay between small RNA pathways and the virome may represent an important part of the homeostatic mechanism maintaining virome members in a commensal or nonpathogenic state, and host-virome interactions could influence variation in malaria vector competence.
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