Past, present, and future policy considerations regarding meningococcal vaccination in the United States

In 2005, the United States Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine vaccination against invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by serogroups A, C, W, and Y (MenACWY) for all 11-12-year-olds, as well as 2-10-year-olds at high risk. In 2010, a booster dose was recommended for all 16-year-olds, as well as for high-risk patients every 3-5 years. In 2015, optional (as opposed to routine) vaccination against meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) at the preferred age of 16-18 years was recommended (Category B, later changed to shared clinical decision-making). In 2023, a vaccine (MenABCWY) against the five serogroups primarily responsible for IMD in the U.S. became available.This review summarizes the evolution of public policy that led to each milestone vaccine recommendation, reviews epidemiologic data published following the recommendations, and discusses the current state of meningococcal immunization policy.The use of MenABCWY has the potential to consolidate policy, improve coverage rates for the five serogroups, address disparities in vaccination coverage, and simplify vaccine delivery.