TP53 mutation in children with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia after rhabdomyosarcoma treatment

After successful treatment of childhood malignancy, development of second malignancy (SM) is the most devastating and potentially life-threatening sequelae of it. In the past 12 years there have been no cases of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) among 80 children treated for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in the Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation. Given the rarity of recognition of t-MDS/AML in children after treatment of cancers, it was decided to analyse in detail the therapy and cytogenetic and molecular results in two boys aged 9 and 10 years old, diagnosed with t-MDS/AML secondary to rhabdomyosarcoma. In both of them TP53 mutation was found. Palliat Med Pract 2020; 14, 1: 58–62