نبذة مختصرة : In 2006, the government of Morocco decided to privatize the land of the former socialist-inspired collective state cooperatives, which had been created in the early 1970s. The resulting shift in land control is happening alongside – but is also provoking – wider processes of agrarian change, manifested among others things in land sells, the introduction of new high-value crops, the use of new technologies (tubewells and drip irrigation), and alterations in labour relations. These transformations influence the development of family farming and gender relations. On the basis of an ethnographic and historical study conducted in a dissolving state cooperative in the agricultural plain of the Saiss we suggest opening the “black box” of the family farm to illustrate the gender dynamics that mark the impact of current agrarian dynamics today. Through this lens we first of all illustrate how during the period of the state cooperative the land, the farms, and the families were deeply intertwined through labour relations and by how the land was used, forming the identities of peasant women and men. By retracing the development of various peasant families we illustrate how this farming model is changing today. The current agrarian dynamics offer new possibilities of being and becoming to some young men and “modern” farmers. Nevertheless, various peasant women increasingly find less pride in their agricultural work and actively seek to develop new rural feminine identities, which is not easy. As such, we observe how the future becoming of peasant farming will strongly depend on the next generation of farmers and of their aspiration of modernizing their future becoming.L’Etat marocain decida en 2006 de privatiser les terres des cooperatives de la reforme agraire creee au debut des annees 1970. Cette dynamique fonciere s’inscrit dans des processus plus larges de changements agraires, qui se manifeste entre autre par la vente des terres, l’introduction de nouvelles cultures a forte valeur ajoutee, l’utilisation de nouvelles technologies (forage et goutte-a-goutte) et des transformations dans les relations de travail. Ces changements auront une influence sur le developpement de l’agriculture familiale et les relations de genres. A la base d’un travail ethnographique et historique portant sur une cooperative dans la plaine du Saiss, nous suggerons d’ouvrir la « boite noire » de l’agriculture familiale pour illustrer les dynamiques de genre qui marquent aujourd’hui l’impact des changements agraires. A travers ce regard nous illustrons dans un premier temps comment, pendant la periode de la cooperative la terre, l’exploitation et la famille paysanne etaient intimement liees. Les activites et l’organisation autour de la terre forment les identites des hommes et des femmes paysans. Aujourd’hui, nous illustrons au travers de differentes trajectoires de familles paysannes comment ce modele est en mutation. Les dynamiques agraires offrent de nouvelles opportunites a certains jeunes hommes et agriculteurs « modernes ». Cependant, differentes femmes paysannes ne trouvent plus de fierte dans le travail agricole et essaient de developper de nouvelles identites feminines rurales, ce qui n’est pas facile. Ainsi, nous verrons que le devenir de l’agriculture paysanne dependra fortement de cette nouvelle generation de jeunes agriculteurs et agricultrices et de leurs aspirations a moderniser leur devenir.This article is in French.
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