نبذة مختصرة : Monitoring the Future (MTF) is a long-term study of American adolescents, college students, and adult high school graduates through age 55. The study is supported under a series of investigator-initiated, competing research grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and has been conducted annually by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research since 1975. The present monograph focuses on a broad range of behaviors, including certain forms of substance abuse, related to the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The population under study includes high school graduates in the general population ages 21-30, surveyed since 2004; age 35, surveyed since 2008; and age 40, surveyed since 2010. HIV infection is clearly a serious public health concern. Worldwide, about 35 million people were living with AIDS at the end of 2013 (WHO, 2015). In the United States, about 1.2 million people are living with HIV, 1 in 8 unaware of the infection, and new HIV infections remaining relatively stable in recent years (CDC, 2015). The 1990s saw decreases in HIV infection in the U.S. but, importantly, from 2002 to 2010 the trend in number of new HIV/AIDS cases and deaths remained largely unchanged (CDC, 2013). The present monograph addresses some of the factors that may be preventing further progress against HIV/AIDS. This monograph tracks some of the key behaviors related to the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States, some of which also affect the spread of other STDs. This volume is the fourth monograph in the MTF series of annual reports, all available online from the MTF website. The first monograph, "Overview of Key Findings" is published near the beginning of each year and provides early findings on the levels and trends in use of various substances by the nation's 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students surveyed in the previous year (Johnston et al., 2015a). Volume I, available at the beginning of June, provides more detailed and complete findings on the same population (Miech et al., 2015). Volume II, available at the beginning of August, provides similar prevalence and trend information on the substance-using behaviors of adult high school graduates through age 55, based on a series of follow up mailed surveys of representative samples of students from each high school graduating class (Johnston et al., 2015b). Volume II has provided findings specific to college students since 1980. HIV/AIDS risk and protective behaviors were introduced into the MTF follow-up surveys in 2004 and findings based on these measures were reported in Volume II from 2004 through 2008, after which they were published in separate volumes such as the present one. (Individual chapters provide references.)
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