Mathematics of organ transplantation.

Organ Transplantation Surgery transplantation involves replacing a damaged organ or body part with an organ taken from another body, a location on the patient’s own body, or sometimes another source. Relatively common organ transplants include hearts, lungs, livers, corneas, bone marrow, and skin. In the twenty-first century, there are increasing instances of transplantations involving parts that have proven more difficult in the past, including a human face in 2010. Transplantation is one of few medical fields where practice is driven by statistical analysis of large-scale national datasets. Collecting comprehensive data about transplantation in the United States is mandatory, and researchers use statistics to inform clinical practice and national policy. Still, there are too few living and deceased organ donors to meet the need. Optimization tools make the best use of scarce resources, like donated organs. With kidney paired donation, optimization can even increase the supply of available organs. An artificial pancreas employing control theory was under development in 2010.