Elucidating Immune Cell Changes in Celiac Disease: Revealing New Insights from Spectral Flow Cytometry.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Celiac Disease*/immunology ; Celiac Disease*/blood ; Flow Cytometry*/methods; Humans ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Glutens/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Diet, Gluten-Free ; Case-Control Studies ; Young Adult

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine triggered by gluten ingestion. Although the small bowel is the main organ affected, peripheral blood cell alterations have also been described in CD. We aimed to investigate immunological cell patterns in the blood of treated CD patients and in response to a 3-day gluten challenge (GC). Blood samples were collected from 10 patients with CD and 8 healthy controls on a gluten-free diet at baseline and 6 days after initiating the GC. All the samples were analyzed by spectral flow cytometry using a 34-marker panel. We found that patients with CD displayed a lower proportion of memory B cells compared to healthy controls, both at baseline and post-GC. Additionally, we observed the previously reported activated gut-homing CD4 ⁺ , CD8 ⁺ , and TCRγδ ⁺ T lymphocytes on day 6 post-GC, and found the CD8 ⁺ subpopulation to be the most readily identifiable by flow cytometry. Importantly, the CCR9 marker proved effective in enhancing the selection of these gluten-responsive T cells, offering the potential for increased diagnostic accuracy. Spectral flow cytometry involves a complex data analysis, but it offers valuable insights into previously unexplored immunological responses and enables in-depth cell characterization.

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RTC2019-006806-1 Agencia Estatal de Investigación and RETOS funds; PI21/00271 Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)

Keywords: B cells; T cells; gluten challenge; gluten-free diet; spectral cytometry

8002-80-0 (Glutens)

Date Created: 20250417 Date Completed: 20250417 Latest Revision: 20250423

20250423

PMC11988382

10.3390/ijms26072877

40243487