Molecular Mechanisms of Dietary Compounds in Cancer Stem Cells from Solid Tumors: Insights into Colorectal, Breast, and Prostate Cancer.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Neoplastic Stem Cells*/metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells*/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells*/drug effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms*/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms*/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms*/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms*/pathology; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects ; Diet ; Signal Transduction ; Animals

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are known to be the main source of tumor relapse, metastasis, or multidrug resistance and the mechanisms to counteract or eradicate them and their activity remain elusive. There are different hypotheses that claim that the origin of CSC might be in regular stem cells (SC) and, due to accumulation of mutations, these normal cells become malignant, or the source of CSC might be in any malignant cell that, under certain environmental circumstances, acquires all the qualities to become CSC. Multiple studies indicate that lifestyle and diet might represent a source of wellbeing that can prevent and ameliorate the malignant phenotype of CSC. In this review, after a brief introduction to SC and CSC, we analyze the effects of phenolic and non-phenolic dietary compounds and we highlight the molecular mechanisms that are shown to link diets to CSC activation in colon, breast, and prostate cancer. We focus the analysis on specific markers such as sphere formation, CD surface markers, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and on the major signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-catenin in CSC. In conclusion, a better understanding of how bioactive compounds in our diets influence the dynamics of CSC can raise valuable awareness towards reducing cancer risk.

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Keywords: breast cancer; cancer stem cells; colorectal cancer; diet; epithelial–mesenchymal transition; prostate cancer; signaling pathways

Date Created: 20250125 Date Completed: 20250125 Latest Revision: 20250130

20250130

PMC11766403

10.3390/ijms26020631

39859345