The Gut Microbiota's Role in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing

Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/physiology ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders*/microbiology ; Mental Disorders*/microbiology ; Nervous System Diseases*/microbiology ; Probiotics*/therapeutic use ; Brain-Gut Axis*/physiology; Humans ; Prebiotics

Aim: This article aims to explore the role of the human gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of neurological, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting its influence on health and disease, and investigating potential therapeutic strategies targeting GM modulation.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota's composition and its interaction with the human body, particularly, its role in neurological and psychiatric conditions, is provided. The review discusses factors influencing GM composition, including birth mode, breastfeeding, diet, medications, and geography. Additionally, it examines the GM's functions, such as nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and pathogen defense, alongside its interactions with the nervous system through the gut-brain axis, neurotransmitters, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Results: Alterations in the GM are linked to various disorders, including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, schizophrenia, ADHD, and autism. The GM influences cognitive functions, stress responses, and mood regulation. Antibiotic use disrupts GM diversity, increasing the risk of metabolic disorders, obesity, and allergic diseases. Emerging therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiota transplantation show promise in modulating the GM and alleviating symptoms of neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Conclusions: The modulation of the GM represents a promising approach for personalized treatment strategies. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop targeted therapies aimed at restoring GM balance for improved clinical outcomes.

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Keywords: autism; gut microbiota (GM); gut–brain axis; neuroinflammation; neurological disorders; probiotics

0 (Prebiotics)

Date Created: 20250108 Date Completed: 20250108 Latest Revision: 20250108

20250110

PMC11677138

10.3390/nu16244404

39771025