Bitter acids from Humulus lupulus L. alleviate D-galactose induced osteoblastic senescence and bone loss via regulating AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy.

Publisher: Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan Country of Publication: China (Republic : 1949- ) NLM ID: 101630927 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2224-6614 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Food Drug Anal Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: [Taipei, Taiwan] : Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan
Original Publication: [Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.] : Elsevier, 2013-

Humulus*/chemistry ; Autophagy*/drug effects ; Osteoblasts*/metabolism ; Osteoblasts*/drug effects ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases*/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases*/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt*/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt*/genetics ; Galactose*; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis/genetics ; Mice ; Humans ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Cellular Senescence/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Osteogenesis/drug effects

Bitter acids (BA) are main component of Humulus lupulus L. (hops). They are known for beer brewing and have various biological and pharmacological properties, especially the bone-protective effect confirmed by our previous in vivo study. Here we aimed to elucidate the anti-senior osteoporosis (SOP) effect of BA on osteoblasts and explore its underlying mechanism. In vitro SOP model was established by D-galactose (D-gal) injured osteoblasts, and the bone formation markers and apoptosis level were measured. mCherry-EGFP-LC3 adenovirus infection and autophagic markers including beclin1 and LC3 proteins were detected to investigate the autophagy level in osteoblasts. To further verify whether BA play the bone-protective role through regulating autophagy, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was used, and the cell proliferation, ALP activity, bone mineralization, apoptosis rate and SA-β-gal staining areas were measured. Finally, the protein expressions of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting, and AKT agonist SC79 and mTOR agonist MHY1485 were used to further study the mechanism of BA on AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy. The results showed that BA stimulated osteoblastic differentiation and inhibited apoptosis proteins Bcl-2/Bax in D-gal-treated osteoblasts. BA also increased the expression of autophagic markers beclin1 and LC3-II/LC3-I in D-gal-treated osteoblasts. mCherry-EGFP-LC3 autophagic double fluorescent adenovirus showed BA promoted the generation of autolysosomes and autophagosomes in D-gal-injured osteoblasts, indicating that BA might prevent osteoblastic bone loss through activating autophagy. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was used to further verify whether BA played the bone-protective role via regulating autophagy. The results revealed the promotion effects of BA on proliferation, ALP activity, and mineralized nodule formation in D-gal-injured osteoblasts were eliminated after autophagy blocking with 3-MA, and the inhibitory effects of BA on apoptosis rate and SA-β-gal staining areas were also eliminated. Moreover, BA reduced the phosphorylation levels of AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4EBP in AKT/mTOR pathway, and the promotion of BA on the autophagic markers was blocked after the activation of AKT and mTOR by SC79 and MHY1485. In conclusion, it was the first time to demonstrate that BA improved cell activities and bone formation in aging osteoblasts, and revealed the mechanism of BA against SOP in osteoblasts was activating AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy.

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EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
X2RN3Q8DNE (Galactose)
0 (Plant Extracts)

Date Created: 20250103 Date Completed: 20250103 Latest Revision: 20250106

20250106

PMC11698591

10.38212/2224-6614.3508

39752859