Phylogenetic Characterization of Novel Reassortant 2.3.4.4b H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Domestic Ducks in Egypt During the Winter Season 2021-2022.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

Ducks*/virology ; Influenza in Birds*/virology ; Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology ; Influenza in Birds*/transmission ; Phylogeny* ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/classification ; Reassortant Viruses*/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses*/pathogenicity ; Reassortant Viruses*/classification ; Reassortant Viruses*/isolation & purification; Animals ; Egypt/epidemiology ; Seasons ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Genome, Viral ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Genotype ; Virulence/genetics

Avian influenza (AI) is an extremely contagious viral disease of domestic and wild birds that can spread rapidly among bird populations, inducing serious economic losses in the poultry industry. During the winter season 2021-2022, we isolated seventeen highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses from outbreaks involving ducks in Egypt, occurring in both backyard and farm settings. The aim of this study was to pinpoint genetic key substitutions (KSs) that could heighten the risk of a human pandemic by influencing the virus's virulence, replication ability, host specificity, susceptibility to drugs, or transmissibility. To understand their evolution, origin, and potential risks for a human pandemic, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. Our analysis identified numerous distinctive mutations in the Egyptian H5N8 viruses, suggesting potential enhancements in virulence, resistance to antiviral drugs, and facilitation of transmission in mammals. In this study, at least five genotypes within one genome constellation of H5N8 viruses were identified, raising concerns about the potential emergence of novel viruses with altered characteristics through reassortment between different genotypes and distinct groups. These findings underscore the role of ducks in the virus's evolutionary process and emphasize the urgent need for enhanced biosecurity measures in domestic duck farms to mitigate pandemic risk.

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(QU-APC-2017-9/1) The Researchers would like to thank the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University for the financial support

Keywords: H5N8; avian influenza virus; ducks; influenza; reassortment; whole-genome sequencing

Date Created: 20241127 Date Completed: 20241127 Latest Revision: 20241130

20241202

PMC11599000

10.3390/v16111655

39599770