Loss of Sterol Biosynthesis in Economically Important Plant Pests and Pathogens: A Review of a Potential Target for Pest Control.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596414 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2218-273X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2218273X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomolecules Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, 2011-

Pest Control* ; Plants*/metabolism ; Plants*/parasitology ; Sterols*/metabolism ; Sterols*/biosynthesis; Animals ; Insecta/metabolism ; Nematoda/metabolism ; Oomycetes/metabolism ; Plant Diseases/parasitology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology

Sterol biosynthesis is a crucial metabolic pathway in plants and various plant pathogens. Their vital physiological role in multicellular organisms and their effects on growth and reproduction underline their importance as membrane compounds, hormone precursors, and signaling molecules. Insects, nematodes, and oomycetes of the Peronosporales group, which harbor important agricultural pests and pathogens, have lost the ability to synthesize their own sterols. These organisms rely on the acquisition of sterols from their host and are dependent on the sterol composition of the host. It is thought that sterol-synthesizing enzymes were lost during co-evolution with the hosts, which provided the organisms with sufficient amounts of the required sterols. To meet the essential requirements of these organisms, some sterol auxotrophs retained a few remaining sterol-modifying enzymes. Several molecular and biochemical investigations have suggested promising avenues for pest and pathogen control by targeting host sterol composition, sterol uptake, or sterol modification in organisms that have lost the ability to biosynthesize sterol de novo. This review examines the loss of sterol biosynthesis de novo in insects, nematodes, and oomycetes with the aim of investigating the sterol metabolic constraints and sterol acquisition of these organisms. This will shed light on its potential as a control target for the management of sterol-dependent organisms in a comprehensive agronomic approach.

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Keywords: auxotroph; biochemical pathway; control strategies; insects; nematodes; oomycetes

0 (Sterols)

Date Created: 20241127 Date Completed: 20241127 Latest Revision: 20241211

20241211

PMC11591786

10.3390/biom14111435

39595611