Association between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Depression in NAFLD: the modulating roles of sex and BMI.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968559 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-244X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1471244X NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease*/complications ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease*/physiopathology ; Body Mass Index* ; Waist Circumference*; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; Sex Factors ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Nutrition Surveys ; Depression/complications ; Depression/physiopathology ; Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology ; Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder, Major/complications ; Aged

Background: The Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) is a novel indicator of obesity that accurately reflects body composition. However, the association between WWI and depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. This study aims to explore this relationship through a nationally representative cross-sectional analysis.
Methods: This study included adult participants diagnosed with NAFLD from NHANES 2017-2020. WWI was calculated as the waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). NAFLD diagnosis relied on vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) exceeding 248 dB/m to indicate hepatic steatosis. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores ≥ 10 indicating the presence of major depression.
Results: After adjusting for all covariates, a significant positive association was found between WWI and depression in NAFLD (OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.442-2.063, p < 0.00001), with a dose-response relationship indicated by restricted cubic spline analysis. The association was stronger in men and lean/normal weight NAFLD patients. Adjusting further for BMI did not alter these findings (OR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.357-1.989, p < 0.00001). BMI's association with depression was negated after adjusting for WWI.
Conclusions: WWI had a positive association with depression in NAFLD, independent of BMI. This association was more pronounced in men and lean/normal weight NAFLD. These findings suggest that WWI may be a novel indicator of depression in NAFLD and potentially valuable in depression prevention.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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No. 82073405 National Natural Science Foundation of China; No. 82073405 National Natural Science Foundation of China

Keywords: Central obesity; Depression; NHANES; Non-alcoholic fatty liver Disease(NAFLD); Weight-adjusted Waist Index(WWI)

Date Created: 20241120 Date Completed: 20241121 Latest Revision: 20241123

20241123

PMC11580667

10.1186/s12888-024-06308-8

39567895