Effects of colour and scene dynamism on visual fatigue in animated films.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-

Motion Pictures* ; Color*; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Young Adult ; Asthenopia/etiology ; Asthenopia/physiopathology ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Adolescent ; Color Perception/physiology

Animated films are highly popular in society, particularly among children and adolescents. During film production, selecting an adequate colour palette and scene dynamism is crucial for creating a visual impact on the audience. However, the influence of visual aesthetics, such as colour and scene dynamism on visual fatigue remains unexplored. In the present study, visual fatigue was assessed and compared in 30 young participants after viewing two popular films: Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, an active, fast-paced film, and My Neighbour Totoro, a more relaxed film. Both films were viewed twice, once with the original colour palette and once in greyscale. Watching Spider-Man film induced a greater degree of visual fatigue than My Neighbour Totoro in two subjective questionnaires evaluating visual fatigue, and in the vergence facility and binocular accommodative facility tests. Moreover, important differences in the visual dynamics and colour aspects between both films were found. These results demonstrate that the high-paced and high-colour aspects of films directly affect visual fatigue. Future animated film producers should consider these factors that are relevant to their audiences.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aznar-Casanova, J. A., Romeo, A., Gómez, A. T. & Enrile, P. M. Visual fatigue while watching 3D stimuli from different positions. J. Optom. 10, 149–160 (2017). (PMID: 10.1016/j.optom.2016.07.00227544414)
Chao, C. J., Yau, Y. J., Lin, C. H. & Feng, W. Y. Effects of display technologies on operation performances and visual fatigue. Displays. 57, 34–46 (2019). (PMID: 10.1016/j.displa.2019.03.003)
Kuze, J. & Ukai, K. Subjective evaluation of visual fatigue caused by motion images. Displays. 29, 159–166 (2008). (PMID: 10.1016/j.displa.2007.09.007)
Wilkins, A. J. Visual Stress. (OUP Oxford, 1995).
Tao, D. et al. Effects of color scheme and visual fatigue on visual search performance and perceptions under vibration conditions. Displays. 82, 102667 (2024). (PMID: 10.1016/j.displa.2024.102667)
Xie, X., Song, F., Liu, Y., Wang, S. & Yu, D. Study on the effects of display color mode and luminance contrast on visual fatigue. IEEE Access. 9, 35915–35923 (2021). (PMID: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061770)
Souchet, A. D., Philippe, S., Lourdeaux, D. & Leroy, L. Measuring visual fatigue and cognitive load via eye tracking while learning with virtual reality head-mounted displays: A review. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.. 38, 801–824 (2022). (PMID: 10.1080/10447318.2021.1976509)
Portello, J. K., Rosenfield, M., Bababekova, Y., Estrada, J. M. & Leon, A. Computer-related visual symptoms in office workers. Ophthalm. Physiol. Opt. 32, 375–382 (2012). (PMID: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00925.x)
Coles-Brennan, C., Sulley, A. & Young, G. Management of digital eye strain. Clin. Exp. Optom. 102, 18–29 (2019). (PMID: 10.1111/cxo.1279829797453)
Zheng, F. et al. Investigation of the relationship between subjective symptoms of visual fatigue and visual functions. Front. Neurosci. 15, 686740 (2021). (PMID: 10.3389/fnins.2021.686740343351638319646)
Dang, R., Liu, Y. & Chang, S. The impact patterns of classroom lighting parameters on visual fatigue and a mathematical model. Build. Environ. 234, 110193 (2023). (PMID: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110193)
Golebiowski, B. et al. Smartphone use and effects on tear film, blinking and binocular vision. Curr. Eye Res. 45, 428–434 (2020). (PMID: 10.1080/02713683.2019.166354231573824)
Cacho-Martínez, P., Cantó-Cerdán, M., Lara-Lacárcel, F. & García-Muñoz, Á. Validation of the symptom questionnaire for visual dysfunctions (SQVD): A questionnaire to evaluate symptoms of any type of visual dysfunctions. Transl Vis. Sci. Technol. 11, 7–7 (2022). (PMID: 10.1167/tvst.11.2.7351131288819315)
Cantó-Cerdán, M., Cacho-Martínez, P., Lara-Lacárcel, F. & García-Muñoz, Á. Rasch analysis for development and reduction of symptom questionnaire for visual dysfunctions (SQVD). Sci. Rep. 11, 14855 (2021). (PMID: 10.1038/s41598-021-94166-9342902888295373)
del Mar Seguí, M., Cabrero-García, J., Crespo, A., Verdú, J. & Ronda, E. A reliable and valid questionnaire was developed to measure computer vision syndrome at the workplace. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 68, 662–673 (2015). (PMID: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.01.015)
Bijur, P. E., Silver, W. & Gallagher, E. J. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad. Emerg. Med. 8, 1153–1157 (2001). (PMID: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x11733293)
Williamson, A. & Hoggart, B. Pain: A review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J. Clin. Nurs. 14, 798–804 (2005). (PMID: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x16000093)
Paul-Dauphin, A., Guillemin, F., Virion, J. M. & Briançon, S. Bias and precision in visual analogue scales: A randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Epidemiol. 150, 1117–1127 (1999). (PMID: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a00993710568628)
Zahed, R. Spider-man: Into the Spider-Verse: The Art of the Movie. Vol. 192 (Titan Books, 2018).
Miyazaki, H. The Art of My Neighbor Totoro (Studio Ghibli, 2005).
Berns, R. S. Billmeyer and Saltzman’s Principles of Color Technology (Wiley, 2019).
Cutting, J. E. The evolution of pace in popular movies. Cogn. Res. Principle Implic. 1, 1–21 (2016).
Salt, B. Statistical style analysis of motion pictures. Film Q. 28, 13–22 (1974). (PMID: 10.2307/1211438)
Lambooij, M., Ijsselsteijn, W., Fortuin, M. & Heynderickx, I. Visual discomfort and visual fatigue of stereoscopic displays: A review. J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 53, 30201–30201 (2009). (PMID: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2009.53.3.030201)
Munsamy, A. J. et al. The effect of gaming on accommodative and vergence facilities after exposure to virtual reality head-mounted display. J. Optom. 13, 163–170 (2020). (PMID: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.02.004322343597301196)
Bordwell, D. Intensified continuity visual style in contemporary American film. Film Q. 55, 16–28 (2002). (PMID: 10.1525/fq.2002.55.3.16)
Cutting, J. E., DeLong, J. E. & Brunick, K. L. Visual activity in hollywood film: 1935 to 2005 and beyond. Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts. 5, 115 (2011). (PMID: 10.1037/a0020995)
Shi, Y., Tu, Y., Wang, L., Zhu, N. & Zhang, D. How visual discomfort is affected by colour saturation: A fNIRS study. IEEE Phot. J. 14, 1–7 (2022).
Praveen, C. K. & Srinivasan, K. Psychological impact and influence of animation on viewer’s visual attention and cognition: A systematic literature review, open challenges, and future research directions. Comput. Math. Methods Med. 8802542 (2022).

Date Created: 20241104 Date Completed: 20241104 Latest Revision: 20241107

20250114

PMC11535479

10.1038/s41598-024-78329-y

39496774